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<meta name="description" content="肛门，即解剖学肛管。中医称肛门为“魄门”。老百姓将其称为屁眼。魄与粕通，传送糟粕，故名屁股或尻。《黄帝内经》说：“魄门亦为五脏使，水谷不得久藏。”明代医家张景岳说：“虽储糟粕固由其泻，而脏气升降亦赖以调，故为五脏使。”亦即魄门（肛门）的启闭要依赖心神的主宰，肝气的调达，脾气的升提，肺气的宣降，肾气的固摄，方不失其常度。从以上文献探讨，可知肛门是人体排除浊气，浊去新生的所在，既受脏气控制，也能影响脏气。...">
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<h1 >肛门</h1>
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</div><div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
<div class="para" label-module="para">肛门，即解剖学肛管<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1-2">
[1-2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1-2]_20823">&nbsp;</a>
。中医称肛门为“<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AD%84%E9%97%A8/4258069" data-lemmaid="4258069">魄门</a>”。老百姓将其称为屁眼。魄与粕通，传送糟粕，故名<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B1%81%E8%82%A1/36232" data-lemmaid="36232">屁股</a>或<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%BB/293155" data-lemmaid="293155">尻</a>。《<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F/97915" data-lemmaid="97915">黄帝内经</a>》说：“魄门亦为五脏使，水谷不得久藏。”明代医家<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BC%A0%E6%99%AF%E5%B2%B3/12973" data-lemmaid="12973">张景岳</a>说：“虽储糟粕固由其泻，而脏气升降亦赖以调，故为五脏使。”亦即魄门（肛门）的启闭要依赖心神的主宰，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9D%E6%B0%94/11021581" data-lemmaid="11021581">肝气</a>的调达，脾气的升提，肺气的宣降，肾气的固摄，方不失其常度。从以上文献探讨，可知肛门是人体排除浊气，浊去新生的所在，既受脏气控制，也能影响脏气。</div>
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<dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-left">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">中文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
肛门
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">外文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
Anus,Anal
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">别&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%BB">尻</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AD%84%E9%97%A8">魄门</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1/1224213" data-lemmaid="1224213">菊花</a>
</dd>
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<dt class="basicInfo-item name">历史记载</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
《黄帝内经》
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">含&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;义</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E8%82%A0">肛肠</a>的末端，人体的一种器官
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">拼&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;音</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
Gang Men
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">生物学含义</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
肠道末端通外界的开口
</dd>
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<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
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<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">作用</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">肛门结构</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">常见疾病</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_1">肛裂</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_2">脱肛</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_3">肛瘘</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_4">痔疮</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_5">肛窦炎</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_6">肛门水肿</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_7">肛周脓肿</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">肛门疾病检查</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_1">检查室</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_2">检查台</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_3">观察用厕所</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_4">检查的用具</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">痔疮成因</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">6</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6">提肛运动</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_1">方法</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_2">作用</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">7</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7">术后护理</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">8</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8">肛门保健</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">9</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9">术后注意事项</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">10</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#10">肛门疾病预防</a></span>
</li>
</ol>

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="作用" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>作用</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8/402867/0/3a86813da5ad8122baa167b0?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="肛门解剖图" style="width:220px;height:165px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=5c986923213fb80e08d166d506d02ffb/6d81800a19d8bc3eec4463d8828ba61ea8d34557.jpg"  alt="肛门解剖图" style="width:220px;height:165px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
肛门解剖图
</span>
</div>肛门是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E8%82%A0">肛肠</a>的末端，也是人体的一种器官，它位于臀部之间。肛门主要有三个作用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（1）释放出人体中的废气，即打屁（又称暖床气）。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（2）排泄出人体中的废物，即排遗。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（3）门控作用：阻止肠内容物不自主溢出体外，同时阻止外界的气体、液体等异物进入肠腔。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肛门需要勤清洗，常见疾病为<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%97%94%E7%96%AE">痔疮</a>、肛裂、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%B1%E8%82%9B">脱肛</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E7%98%98">肛瘘</a>、肛窦炎、肛门水肿、肛周脓肿</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">生活中说到肛门，人们往往难以启齿，然而它只是人体机能的一个非常重要的组成部分，在中医学里，肛门又称“魄门”，为五脏使。“使”在古代有使节的意思，即五脏的病变都可以反映到肛门部位。又说“水谷不得久藏”，说明肛门具有控制和排便的功能，这种控制和排便的能力和大肠的“燥化”与传导功能相互协调，均由五脏所主宰。当肛门排便后会自然收缩，随着气体（屁）的排出又不会带出粪便残渣，这是因为肛门具有非常好的感觉控制能力，密闭的肛门有着抵御体外的细菌、异物进入人体内的作用，肛门部的皮肤含有大量的淋巴细胞，其自洁能力、缩张能力，都是人体其它部位皮肤不能比拟的。另外，肛门部的肌肉<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87">血管组织</a>的结构十分巧妙，相互间的协调作用对人体的腹部脏器起到了很好的固定作用，没有肛门或肛门功能不佳，将会给人的生活带来很多不便。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肛门结构" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>肛门结构</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肛门是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93">消化道</a>末端通于体外的开口。平时紧闭呈一前后纵裂，排便时扩张呈圆形，直径大约2~3厘米。肛门部的皮肤呈黑色，皮内有行囊、汗腺及皮脂腺，常因肌肉收缩，形成许多放射形的皱襞。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="常见疾病" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>常见疾病</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肛门是肠道末端的出口，致使这块弹丸之地饱受疾��困扰。最常见的肛门疾病有下列几种：</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_3_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肛裂" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>肛裂</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E8%A3%82">肛裂</a>肛门及肛管的皮肤全层裂开，并形成慢性感染性溃疡，称为肛裂，好发于肛门后部。常常因粪便过于干硬而导致肛管皮肤破裂所致。偶然发生肛裂时，因伤面较小可以自愈。如果大便经常干硬，反复发生肛裂，则难以愈合。病人大便时会感到<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E7%96%BC%E7%97%9B">肛门疼痛</a>如刀割，粪便上沾有血渍或有少量鲜血流出。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肛裂多因干硬粪便引起，排便时创口受到粪便的刺激和摩擦，引起肛门内<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%BC%E7%97%9B">灼痛</a>或刀割样疼痛。中医称肛裂为“肛门裂疮”、“裂口痔”、“钩肠痔”，认为是由于血热肠燥，大便干结，排便时暴力怒贵，损伤肛门所致。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肛裂一般分为初期肛裂和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%99%88%E6%97%A7%E6%80%A7%E8%82%9B%E8%A3%82">陈旧性肛裂</a>。如果在排便时肛门部有刺痛感，同时伴有滴血，血色鲜红，量不多，用手分开肛门可看见放射状的裂口，就可以认为患了初期肛裂。如果初期肛裂经久不愈，经常发作，便后疼痛时间延长呈周期性和间歇性，大便排出困难，肛门部裂口变深并有<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%96%E7%97%94">外痔</a>者，那就是患了陈旧性肛裂。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_3_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="脱肛" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>脱肛</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">脱肛直肠粘膜等组织自<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E8%84%B1%E5%87%BA">肛门脱出</a>称为脱肛。表现为大便时有粉红色的物体脱出，呈倒悬的宝塔状，有时呈柱状。有一圈一圈的螺旋状环形皱痕，表面有许多<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B2%98%E6%B6%B2">粘液</a>，有时混有血迹。摸上去质地柔软有弹性。大部分无疼痛感觉。轻者便后可自行缩回，重者需要用手压迫送回，脱出物送进肛门后肛门部平整。脱肛大多发生在体质虚弱的妇幼老人，犹其以小儿多见。自己可根据便后有肿物脱出、不疼痛、无鲜血、脱出物呈粉红色螺旋状、质地柔软等症状来诊断此病。临床中的脱肛主要包括痔疮脱肛和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0%E7%B2%98%E8%86%9C%E8%84%B1%E5%9E%82">直肠粘膜脱垂</a>两种。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">脱肛多由<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%94%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3">中气不足</a>、气虚下陷所致，治疗多采用补中益气升提之法。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_3_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肛瘘" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>肛瘘</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">由<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0%E5%91%A8%E5%9B%B4%E8%84%93%E8%82%BF">肛门直��周围脓肿</a>经久不愈而演变所致的肛瘘，其内口与直肠相通，外口露在���股的皮肤上。如果肛瘘的外口封闭，而脓肿又反复发作，可在屁股上形成多个外口。故一旦发生肛瘘，进行早期诊治极为重要。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肛门瘙管简称<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E7%98%98">肛瘘</a>，即肛门周围有一个或数个外溃口，肛门直肠内亦有一个或几个内口，内外口之间有管道相通，时有脓水从外口流出的疾病。其常常由肛门直肠周围成瘘性脓肿发展而成。一般可根据有<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E5%91%A8%E8%84%93%E8%82%BF">肛周脓肿</a>的病史、肛门周围有溃孔、经常有脓水流出并有间断发炎肿胀疼癌等的情况，可初步判断自己患了<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E7%98%98%E7%AE%A1">肛门瘘管</a>病。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">中医认为肛瘘是由于余毒未尽，蕴结不散所致。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_3_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="痔疮" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>痔疮</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">痔疮又叫<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%97%94%E6%A0%B8">痔核</a>，肉眼看来是长在肛门部的肉疙瘩，小的如黄豆大，大的可比蚕豆或黑枣大，数量一个到数个不等，大小不一。痔疮是直肠下部及肛门管壁内<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89">静脉</a>丛扩张、弯曲、隆起成团的一种<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%98%A4">血管瘤</a>，多为良性疾病，一般不会<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%99%8C%E5%8F%98">癌变</a>。痔疮通常有三种类型：内痔、外痔和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%97%94">混合痔</a>。这是根据肛门处的一个重要解剖结构<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%BD%BF%E7%8A%B6%E7%BA%BF">齿状线</a>来区分的。生于齿状线以内者，称<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%85%E7%97%94">内痔</a>；生于齿状线以外，或突出于肛门外者，称外痔；如齿状线上下方均有痔核突出，并联成一体，则称为混合痔。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">内痔一般没有疼痛症状，唯一的表现就是大便后便血，颜色鲜红，出血似滴状，也可为喷射状。有时有软性肿物脱出，便后能缩进肛门，粪便形状、色质正常，粪块内无脓血。由于经常发作，可引起慢性失血，造成贫血，出现头晕、心悸、面色发白、乏力、记忆力减退等全身症状。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">外痔以发痒、胀痛、异物感为主要症状。在肛门边缘可以触摸到隆起的软性肿物，大便后肛门部粪便不易擦干净，劳累或大便干燥时便后门部不适、疼痛，但无出血现象。外痔中最常见的是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E6%A0%93%E5%A4%96%E7%97%94">血栓外痔</a>，是因肛门缘<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89">静脉</a>破裂，血液渗入<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%93%E7%BC%94%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87">结缔组织</a>内结成血块所致。起病较急，疼痛剧烈，触痛明显，往往在排便、行走、咳嗽时症状加重。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%97%94">混合痔</a>表现为大便时经常有肿物脱出肛门外，便后还纳一部分，伴有少量出血，肛门部潮湿，有分泌物污染内裤，肛门缘可摸到软性肿物。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_3_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肛窦炎" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>肛窦炎</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">是指肛窦与肛隐窝发炎。在距门缘5厘米左右的地方，直肠上有许多象漏斗一样的小隐窝，医学上称为“肛窦”。它容易存积粪便，藏污纳垢，细菌便乘机侵入而导致肛窦发炎。此类病人的肛门内有刺痛感和灼热感，大便时疼痛加剧，可向<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BC%9A%E9%98%B4">会阴</a>、骶毛骨放射疼痛，伴有少许<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B2%98%E6%B6%B2">粘液</a>或鲜血排出。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_3_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肛门水肿" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>肛门水肿</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">此类肛病多见于成年女性，是由于肛门静脉丛扩张，导致血管内液体渗入肛门组织间隙而形成的。病人可突然发现肛门肿起、脱出、红肿、疼痛或感到轻度发痒。预防各类肛门疾患的关键，是要养成每日定时大便的习惯，每晚坚持用热水洗涤肛门，促进肛门局部血液循环。内裤要勤洗勤换，保持肛门清洁。如肛门发现有异常，千万不要顾及面子，怕羞，而要及时到医院检查诊治。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_3_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肛周脓肿" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>肛周脓肿</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">先由肠内致病菌侵入肛隐窝而形���肛门周围发炎，也叫做肛门周围炎，继而发展成肛门周围脓肿。病人会感到局部疼痛、红肿，有的全身发冷发热、食欲不振或便秘。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肛周脓肿肛门周围局部红肿疼痛，溃破后流出黄色稠厚而带粪臭的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%93%E6%B6%B2">脓液</a>，称为肛周脓肿，是由于<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93">局部感染</a>所引起。开始时先感到肛门部出现一个小硬块，坠胀疼痛，肛门部难受，继则出现红肿，局部皮肤发烫，疼痛加重，全身可出现倦怠不适、食欲不振、坐卧不安、夜寐不宁的体温升高等症状。<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%B1%E9%83%A8%E8%84%93%E8%82%BF">深部脓肿</a>还会引起会阴部和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%BE%E9%AA%B6%E9%83%A8">尾骶部</a>胀痛，出现<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%81%B6%E5%AF%92%E5%8F%91%E7%83%AD">恶寒发热</a>全身中毒症状。一般1周左右脓肿即可形成。可以根据发病急、肛周皮肤发觉、局部触及肿块、压痛明显、溃破后有<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%93%E8%A1%80">脓血</a>流出等症状，对<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E5%91%A8%E8%84%93%E8%82%BF">肛周脓肿</a>进行自我诊断。肛周脓肿中医称为“<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E7%97%88">肛痈</a>”，认为是由于<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B9%BF%E7%83%AD%E4%B8%8B%E6%B3%A8">湿热下注</a>大肠，蕴阻肛门，或肛门破损感毒，致经络阻塞，气血凝滞而成。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肛门疾病检查" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>肛门疾病检查</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">肛门疾病有专业的检查设施，良好的检查是正确诊断和治疗的前提条件。以下就以笔者所采用的设施为主进行阐述。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_4_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="检查室" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>检查室</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">检查时应该空气流通，备有空调。检查室不采用循环式排气而采用强制排气。与检查室相毗邻的有：1.<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%85%E9%95%9C%E5%AE%A4">内镜室</a>；2.门诊小手术室；3.X线透视室；4.厕所；5检查专用厕所；6.污染洗净室。在内镜室做左半结肠的纤维结肠镜下息肉切除术。在门诊手术室做简单的手术和治疗。在X线透视室做钡餐灌肠造影和右半结肠<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E9%95%9C%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5">纤维结肠镜检查</a>，为了检查的需要，必须有几个厕所，以便于用肉眼或摄像机观察排便时的状况。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_4_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="检查台" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>检查台</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在主检查室并行排列数张一模一样的检查台，这是为了不浪费医师及患者的时间，便于患者为上检查台做好检查前得相应准备时，医师就抽空诊治下一位患者；也缩短了其他患者的候诊时间。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">检查的时候患者取<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BE%A7%E5%8D%A7%E4%BD%8D">侧卧位</a>时肛门稍微高于医生的眼睛，便于医生的观察。电动式的肛门检查台有利于用折刀体位��检查、处理、门诊手术的特点。紧靠手术台边放置一张照明灯，所以一般采用医用灯。在检查用器械台上和抽屉中准备纱布。利多因凝胶、指套、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E9%95%9C">肛门镜</a>、消毒棉球、长镊子、弯盘、栓剂等。另备有在特殊处理、检查、镊片时专用的小推车。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_4_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="观察用厕所" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>观察用厕所</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">用于患者有脱出症状对于脱出物的检查和确认。常常用于<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0%E8%84%B1%E5%9E%82">直肠脱垂</a>和痔脱出患者的检查。患者有脱出症状而在检查台上检查未发现脱出物，指诊检查发现其肛门括约肌薄弱者，必须到专用厕所做蹲位检查。观察方法有直接观察、通过反光镜、用偏光相机拍照，用录像机录像观察等方法。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_4_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="检查的用具" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>检查的用具</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（1）肛门镜</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">主要是用筒形和分叶式。筒形<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E9%95%9C">肛门镜</a>特别是带电灯的肛门镜便于观察、治疗直肠下段病变，但不适用于观察肛门，其原因是筒形的肛门镜视野较小，肛门不能充分的扩张。分叶式肛门镜能纵向扩开肛门，可以由内到外观察肛门的病变，因为肛门病变多由里向外相连的因果关系，所以在观察这类疾病的时候很方便。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（2）乙状<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E9%95%9C">结肠镜</a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">硬性、管型的乙状结肠的长度为15-35cm，但是笔者认为可以统一为25-30cm。另外要准备一根儿儿童用的小直径用镜。其光源有变压器式、电池式、冷光源式等，冷光源式的在亮度、安全性方面较为先进。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="痔疮成因" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>痔疮成因</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">二千多年前的《黄帝内经》云：“因而饱食，筋脉横解，肠为痔。”明确指出了痔疮的形成与饮食不节、起居不时、感受湿热等有关，而后世医家根据自己的临床体会及前人的经验，又进一步指出，病因与久忍大便、久痢久泻、酗酒、嗜食辛辣、年老体衰、妇人妊娠、久坐久行等都有极大关系。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">现代医学认为，痔疮的成因与以下因素有关：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（1）与人类肛门的解剖结构有关：由于直肠上静脉以及它的分支无<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89%E7%93%A3">静脉瓣</a>，静脉血液从下向上穿过直肠肌层向心脏回流时，由于人类直立姿势，从而使地球吸引力能够对回流的血液形成向下的力，极容易在人体下部的肛门直肠部位发生血液淤积，久而久之，使肛门直肠部位<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1">静脉血管</a>曲张、迂曲、增生，形成痔疮。此外，根据国内外文献，对四肢爬行动物的解剖及观察，还未发现患有痔疮病者，因而，对此说也提供了一有力佐证。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（2）与排便习惯有关：便无定时、如厕过久均能诱发痔疮。譬如：有些人喜欢如厕时看书读报、抽烟，蹲厕时间过长；有人则有习惯性便秘，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8E%92%E4%BE%BF%E5%9B%B0%E9%9A%BE">排便困难</a>。如此下蹲过久，排便努力，可使<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0">直肠</a>肛门部充血、受压，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89%E6%9B%B2%E5%BC%A0">静脉曲张</a>，甚至致直肠粘膜与肌层松弛、分离，脱出肛门外，形成痔疮。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（3）与饮食起居有关：嗜食辛辣刺激食物，如食胡椒、辣椒、生葱、生蒜，大量饮酒，均可使直肠肛门粘膜受到刺激，局部充血，诱发痔疮。此外，嗜食肥甘厚味，饮食过细过精，食物中粗纤维含量少，致使大便少或困难，久之均可诱发痔疮。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">生活失节，饮食无定时，起居无规律，致人体生物节律紊乱，便无定时，每日时有时无。居处潮湿寒冷，可使直肠肛门静脉淤积，发生痔疮。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（4）与感染有关：<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%97%A2%E7%96%BE">痢疾</a>、肠道感染、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB">寄生虫</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E7%98%98">肛瘘</a>及肛门围周炎等，均可引起肛门直肠<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89%E5%85%85%E8%A1%80">静脉充血</a>、炎症，使静脉团扩张，形成痔疮。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（5）与工作性质有关：久坐办公室者，妊娠妇女，田径运动员及重体力劳动者，都是痔疮病的高发人群，无论久坐久行，努力久重，都可致肛门直肠部位静脉淤积、扩张、迂曲，发生痔疮。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">也是俗称“<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%9D%E7%97%94">十人九痔</a>”的原因。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="提肛运动" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>提肛运动</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="6" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_6_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="方法" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>方法</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">提肛就是有规律地往上提收肛门，然后放松，一提一松就是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8F%90%E8%82%9B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8">提肛运动</a>。有如对<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%89%8D%E5%88%97%E8%85%BA">前列腺</a>进行按摩，可促进<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BC%9A%E9%98%B4">会阴</a>部的静脉血液回流，使<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%89%8D%E5%88%97%E8%85%BA%E5%85%85%E8%A1%80">前列腺充血</a>减轻、炎症消退。在下列时间坚持提肛疗效会更佳。晚睡前或起床前，躺在床上提肛56次，大小便后紧接着提肛16次；干重体力活时也要注意提肛；性生活后亦应提肛16次。提肛时必须要用力，提肛之后最好马上排便。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">提肛运动坐、卧和站立时均可进行。方法如下：思想集中，收腹，慢慢呼气，同时用意念有意识地向上收提肛门，当肺中的空气尽量呼出后，屏住呼吸并保持收提肛门2～3秒钟，然后全身放松，让空气自然进入肺中，静息2～3秒，再重复上述动作；同样尽量吸气时收提肛门，然后全身放松，让肺中的空气自然呼出。每日1～2次，每次30下或5分钟。锻炼中要避免急于求成，以感到舒适为宜，关键在于持之以恒。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%92%AE%E8%B0%B7%E9%81%93">撮谷道</a>：即提肛运动，像忍大便一样，将肛门向上提，然后放松，接着再往上提，一提一松，反复进行。站、坐、行均可进行，每次做提肛运动50次左右，持续5－10分钟即可。提肛运动可以促进局部血液循环，预防<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%97%94%E7%96%AE">痔疮</a>等<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E5%91%A8%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85">肛周疾病</a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_6_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="作用" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>作用</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8F%90%E8%82%9B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8">提肛���动</a>是预防和治疗肛门疾病，以及促进肛门手术后患者伤口和肛门功能恢复的一种较好的方法，在做提肛运动过程中，肌肉的间接性收缩起到“泵”的作用，改善盆腔的血液循环，缓解肛门括约肌，增强其收缩能力。患<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E8%A3%82">肛裂</a>的病人主要由于<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E6%8B%AC%E7%BA%A6%E8%82%8C">肛门括约肌</a>痉挛引起的剧烈疼痛，使裂口难以愈合。相反，如果肛门括约肌过于松弛，对痔核和直肠黏膜的支持力不够，就会导致<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%97%94%E6%A0%B8%E8%84%B1%E5%87%BA">痔核脱出</a>和脱肛。肛门疾病术后的人，因肛门括约肌多有不同程度的损伤，此时有效的肛门功能锻炼，可以改善局部的血液循环，减少痔<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89">静脉</a>的淤血扩张，增强肛门直肠局部的抗病力，促进伤口愈合，以避免和减少肛门疾病的复发。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="术后护理" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>术后护理</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="7" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">人工肛门一般于术后2～3日肠功能恢复后开放，开放时宜取左侧卧位，并预先用塑料薄膜将造瘘口与腹部切口隔开；腹部切口用特制胶布封闭，以防粪便污染；造瘘口用凡士林纱布覆盖，并以氧化锌软膏涂抹周围皮肤，以免浸渍糜烂；每次排便后，用温水洗净皮肤并揩干，及时更换敷料。病人可起床时，适当使用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8">人工肛门</a>袋，将袋口贴放于<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%80%A0%E5%8F%A3">造口</a>处盛接粪便，并用弹性带将肛袋系于腰间，松紧应适宜；肛袋内积有粪便时及时清除洗净并更换。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">人工肛袋是橡胶或塑料制品，难以蒸发水分，故不宜长期持续使用，以免引起瘘口粘膜或周围皮肤糜烂，一般应备用多个肛袋交替使用为宜。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">术后1-2<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%91%A8%E5%90%8E">周后</a>定时经造瘘口置入肛管注入等渗盐水约500ml，可逐渐建立定时排便习惯，粪便已成形后，则可不用肛袋，仅于人工肛口处覆盖敷料，用腹带固定即可。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">注意饮食卫生，以防肠道感染；避免进食产气或刺激性食物，以免腹胀。注意观察人工肛门可能发生的并发症，如人工肛门残端坏死、人工<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E7%8B%AD%E7%AA%84">肛门狭窄</a>、人工肛门旁疝、人工肛门<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0">结肠</a>脱出等，如有可疑应及时报告医师处理。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肛门保健" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>肛门保健</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="8" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">肛门疾病会给人的身体和日常生活带来很大麻烦。因此，为了避免上述疾病的发生，人应高度重视肛门的保健。那么，应如何做好肛门保健呢？</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">一、应养成每日排一次便的习惯，时间最好选在早餐后20分钟左右。排便时要集中注意力，不要读书或看报，也不要与人谈话，并应将每次排便的时间控制在5-10分钟以内，做到排尽即起，不要养成“空坐马桶”的习惯。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">二、应保持肛门的清洁，在大便后要尽可能地将肛门擦干净，避免粪便残留。另外，每隔一星期在大便后可用温热水清洗肛门，一次洗5-10分钟左右。在清洗肛门时把自来水，或温水倒入温水坐浴盆，不要使用强碱性肥皂，同时可顺便做���下肛门保健操。其方法是：在右手食指上套上指套，在指套上涂抹少量的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BA%A2%E9%9C%89%E7%B4%A0%E8%BD%AF%E8%86%8F">红霉素软膏</a>，然后用食指在肛门口处按摩10-20下，再将该手指慢慢伸入肛门内，一直伸到不能伸入为止，然后将伸入肛门内的手指向前、左、右、后四个方向扩张<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E7%AE%A1">肛管</a>，用力要适中，可扩张2-3分钟左右，然后擦干肛门（有痔疮的患者此时可在患处涂抹<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%97%94%E7%96%AE%E8%86%8F">痔疮膏</a>），站起身来，将肛门用力向上提缩20-30下。<a class="lemma-album layout-right nslog:10000206" title="肛门"  href="/pic/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8/402867/20298755/0df431adcbef7609c7324cf126dda3cc7cd99ea7?fr=lemma&ct=cover" target="_blank"  style="width:222px;" nslog-type="10000206">
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<div class="para" label-module="para">三、应多吃含纤维素丰富的食物，如新鲜的蔬菜、水果及粗粮等，尽可能少吃辛辣刺激性的食物，以免引发痔疮，影响排便。每天可在早晨空腹时饮用一杯（约300-400毫升）<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BC%80%E6%B0%B4">温开水</a>或<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%A1%E7%9B%90%E6%B0%B4">淡盐水</a>，这样做能起到润滑肠道、刺激肠管蠕动的作用，有助于缓解便秘。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">四、要注意饮食卫生，积极预防腹泻和便秘等<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">消化系统</a>疾病的发生，以减轻肛门的压力。还要注意不可随便使用泻药，因为泻药会使肛门括约肌丧失主动收缩的能力，造成<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%B1%E7%A6%81">肛门失禁</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">五、老年人应避免久蹲、久坐、久站，要勤换体位，加强身体锻炼。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">总之，肛门是人体消化系统的重要器官，要通过改良生活习惯、坚持合理的饮食及加强肛门功能锻炼等方法对肛门进行保健，以避免各种肛门疾病的发生。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="9" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_9" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="术后注意事项" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>术后注意事项</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="9" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">切口边缘水肿，甚至肛门缘水肿，是肛门病术后的常见并发症，造成水肿的具体原因有以下几个方面：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">手术切除时，缝合、结扎、切口失当，致使伤口引流差，导致<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E8%82%BF">水肿</a>；</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">伤口感染炎症，使组织间渗出过多；</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肛门手术的切口过多，或由于痔核较多，一次结扎切除过多，均可导致肛门缘水肿；</div>
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</div>手术后，蹲坐时间长，或行走过量，使手术切口摩擦过强，导致水肿；</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">术后不敢排便，使大便在直肠内存留过久，也可导致术后肛门缘水肿；</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">术后坐浴失当，手术24小时后，即要开始坐浴，使肛门保持清洁，要用温盐水坐浴，这样可使水肿减轻，若坐浴次数少或不坐浴，水肿即会加重。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="10" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20823_10" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肛门疾病预防" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">肛门</span>肛门疾病预防</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="10" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">饮食和肛肠疾病息息相关。常言道：“病从口入”、“病人不忌嘴，医生跑断腿”。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">《���问·六节藏象论》说：“天食人以五气，地食人以五味”。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">《黄帝内经》说：“辛者走气，气病无多食辛，咸者走血，血病无多食咸，苦者走骨，骨病无多食苦，甘者走肉，肉病无多食甘，酸者走筋，筋病无多食酸”。肥甘厚味，横壁为痔，就是说：五味之偏或气、血、筋、骨、肌肉、脏腑有疾病者，吃这些酸、苦、甘、辛、咸的食物反伤身体。饮食相宜有益身体健康，饮食相禁有害成疾。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">饮食关系到各个方面，人的年龄、体质、季节气候、地域的不同饮食就有差异，因此，应做到因人、因时、因地、因病饮食。因为饮食也与药物一样，有寒热温凉、酸苦甘辛咸、升降浮沉的食物性能，饮食的选择搭配应适合肠道的受纳、承接、传递、排泄的正常规律的需要，才能保持健康的下消化道排空系统。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">饮食也可使人健康，也可使人生病。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">嗜食麻、辣之物，久之，在肠内易化热毒，毒气蓄积或素有体内湿热，或阴虚火旺，或遇秋天燥，与肛内浊气、气血互结，藏而不泄，生成赘生物，哨痔、乳状瘤、息肉等病。又可使肛管红肿疼痛，成为肛窦炎、肛缘炎、肛裂、便秘，尤以麻味的辣椒，性味强烈，性能独特，有较强的刺激性、兴奋性，使血管扩张、充血隆起、分泌物增加，因肛肠的血管经络特别丰富，极为敏感，肛尾、肛门就有坠胀，或后重便意，灼热感，肛门湿痒、异味、出血，内痔由此而生。过食生冷之物，生冷挟有寒湿之邪，其性粘滞，凝聚气血，收引脉管，使血脉曲张突起，形成痔疮。生冷属阴，阴邪易伤阳，日久累积脾肾虚弱，导致直肠脱出、腹泻、便秘等肛肠疾病。</div>
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<span class="site">．医学百科</span><span>&#91;引用日期2018-07-22&#93;</span></li></ul>
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<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">肛裂</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">脱肛</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">肛瘘</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">痔疮</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">肛窦炎</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">肛门水肿</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_7" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.7</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">肛周脓肿</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">肛门疾病检查</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">检查室</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">检查台</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">观察用厕所</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">检查的用具</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">痔疮成因</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">提肛运动</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">���法</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">作用</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#7" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">术后护理</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#8" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">肛门保健</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#9" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">9</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">术后注意事项</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#10" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">10</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">肛门疾病预防</span>
</span>
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<form id="searchForm" action="/search/word" method="GET" target="_self">
<input id="query" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080015" name="word" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" value="肛门" /><button id="search" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080013" type="button">进入词条</button>
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<a class="toolButtons-edit button j-edit-link" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010001"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-hollow"></em>编辑</a>
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<a class="toolButtons-vote button top-vote" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010003"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_zan-hollow"></em><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_zan-solid"></em><span class="j-tool-btn-vote-num">赞</span></a>
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    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('402867', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/albumList/albumList","wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog"],function($,AlbumList,nslog){
		var list=new AlbumList({
			newLemmaId:"402867",
			lemmaTitle:"肛门",
			lemmaId:"20823",
			subLemmaId:"20823",
			data:{"20298755":{"coverpic":"0df431adcbef7609c7324cf126dda3cc7cd99ea7","desc":"\u809b\u95e8","albumTag":"","height":165,"width":220,"total":2,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss0.bdstatic.com\/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=7a208b3e0433874498c5287f640fd937\/0df431adcbef7609c7324cf126dda3cc7cd99ea7.jpg","toppics":[{"src":"0df431adcbef7609c7584cf126dda3cc7cd99e09","owner":"\u4e00\u5207\u7531\u4f60\u5f00\u59cb5","desc":"\u809b\u95e8","height":599,"width":530},{"src":"0df431adcbef7609c7324cf126dda3cc7cd99ea7","owner":"\u4e00\u5207\u7531\u4f60\u5f00\u59cb5","desc":"\u809b\u95e8","height":180,"width":240}]},"0":{"coverpic":"730e0cf3d7ca7bcbc8b786fcb2096b63f724a811","width":648,"height":758,"desc":"\u8bcd\u6761\u56fe\u7247","total":4,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss2.bdstatic.com\/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=4527539c922f07085b052d03dc26b865\/730e0cf3d7ca7bcbc8b786fcb2096b63f724a811.jpg"}}
		});
		!!window.ScriptLazyLoad && window.ScriptLazyLoad.regist({
			dom:$('.album-list'),
			loadFunc:function(){
				list.load();
				nslog(1258);
			},
			distance:500
		});
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/lemmaInsert'], function(init) {
            init({ // 关系化统计需求--传参  shangwenbin
                lemmaId: "20823",
                newLemmaId: "402867",
                subLemmaId: "20823",
                lemmaTitle: "肛门"
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){		require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){
			new Reference({
				subLemmaId:"20823"
			});
			new ReferenceTip({
				subLemmaId:"402867",
				lemmaTitle:"肛门",
				reference:[{"type":"1","title":"\u809b\u95e8","url":"\/redirect\/989b46EVRf5gh2jaRsrTdHjv5hMJC2ZQamA3qMc2AeLbOb3sMVznLqO5VA_MQpKqm7J2s5m-e2J252LUDnGYMZw","site":"\u533b\u5b66\u767e\u79d1","publishDate":"","refDate":"2018-07-22","index":1},{"type":"1","title":"\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u809b\u7ba1","url":"\/redirect\/2956WeSfaGnqmN1lwhQXOkY60gvaznZPdyzt1Z2pQ2nbnAhja0fB0IfgnedIqXu_Ji7U4vb5WKuMwG0VY69sB_mAop9zKD4Kc66z7Q","site":"\u533b\u5b66\u767e\u79d1","publishDate":"","refDate":"2018-07-22","index":2}]
			});
		});
	}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"],function($){
            function openTagToggle(node) {
                if ($(node).hasClass("collapse")) {
                    $(node).removeClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", '22px');
                } else {
                    $(node).addClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height"));
                }
            }
            if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) {
                $('#open-tag-collapse').hide();
            }
            $("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () {
                openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]);
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')(
            402867,
            '肛门'
        );
    }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){
        init({
            newLemmaIdEnc:"043d1618c5c47a42b6b8ab02"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){
		new SideCatalog();
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) {
            init({
                newLemmaId: "402867",
                lemmaTitle: "肛门",
                encodeLemmaTitle: "%B8%D8%C3%C5",
                adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
            }, {
                errFn: unionAd,
                dom: $('#side_box_unionAd')
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) {
            app.init({
                lemmaTitle: '肛门',
                adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){            require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/bottomAd/bottomAd'], function (init) {
                init({
                    sId: 'BOTTOM_PRO_AD',
                    adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
                });
            });
        }();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
    var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin');
    var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

            var isEnterprise = false;
        var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0;
    
    var userId = 0;
    var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('肛门') + '/' + '402867';
    var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=402867';

    userLogin.regist({
        onLogin: function(user) {
            userId = user ? user.uid : 0;
        }
    });

    function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) {
        if (isMidNight) {
            Dialog.alert({
                title: '编辑提示',
                subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00，因审核系统例行维护，您提交的版本可能需要较长时间才能通过，望您谅解。',
                onConfirm: function() {
                    window.location.href = url;
                }
            });
        } else {
            window.location.href = url;
        }    
    }

    function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) {
        new Dialog({
            title: '编辑提示',
            subMsg: '<p>您已开通企业百科服务，推荐您直接编辑“官方资料”，官方资料仅限企业百科绑定的百科账号修改，其他用户账号不可修改。</p><p>如果您想修改其他网友编辑的普通词条内容，请注意遵守百科百科编辑规则。<p>',
            btns: [{
            key: 'pgc',
            text: '编辑官方资料'
            }, {
            style: 'white',
            text: '修改普通词条',
            key: 'ugc'
            }],
            onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                if (btnKey === 'pgc') {
                    pgcCallback && pgcCallback();
                } else if (btnKey === 'ugc') {
                    ugcCallback && ugcCallback();
                }
            }
        }).show();
    }

    function checkUserLegal(res) {
        var legal = false;
        switch (res.errno) {
            case 100001:
                userLogin.showLoginPop();
                break;
            case 100006:
                unameFiller.show();
                break;
            default:
                legal = true;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function checkUgc(res, url) {
        if (res.errno) {
            switch (res.errno) {
                case 100005:
                    alert('对不起，您目前被封禁');
                    break;
                case 110001:
                    alert('对不起，该词条被锁定');
                    break;
                case 110007:
                    alert('对不起，消歧页无法编辑');
                    break;
                case 110005:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>四级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 110008:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>六级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 470001:
                    alert('系统错误，请刷新重试');
                    break;
                case 110003:
                    Dialog.alert({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                    });
                    break;
            }
        } else {
            if (!res.data.right.noAudit) {
                Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                });
                return;
            }
            gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight);
        }
    }

    $(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() {
        var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl');
        if (dl) {
            var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl;
        } else {
            var url = editUrl;
        }

        rightCheck.preeditCheck('402867', '肛门', '肛门', '130578479', '', function(res) {
            if (!checkUserLegal(res)) {
                return;
            }
            if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) {
                showChoseEditDialog(function() {
                    location.href = pgcUrl;
                }, function() {
                    checkUgc(res, url);
                });
            } else {
                checkUgc(res, url);
            }
        });
    });
}();
!function(){  require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main'});
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: {
        appid: 215645,
        productLine: 20184,
        needContactWay: false,
        issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户，请在此填写您的质疑内容及原因哦～'
      },
      proData: {
        "kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma')
      }
    });
  });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');  
    initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple'));
  }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){
        init({
            lemmaId:"20823",
            subLemmaId:"20823",
            newLemmaId:"402867"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'),
      nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar');

    var isFadeIn = false,
        isFadeOut = false;

    var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni;

    $(window).on('scroll', function(e) {
        var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop();

        if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') {
            fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop();
            fadeInAni = animation({
                duration: 200,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    isFadeIn = true;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block');
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress)
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    nslog(10010007);
                }
            });
        } else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') {
            fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop();
            fadeOutAni = animation({
                duration: 300,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide();
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    isFadeOut = true;
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress);
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none');
                }
            });
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl');
    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){
        taskShare.init({
            title: '肛门',
            desc: "\u809b\u95e8\uff0c\u5373\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u809b\u7ba1\u3002\u4e2d\u533b\u79f0\u809b\u95e8\u4e3a\u201c\u9b44\u95e8\u201d\u3002\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c41\u773c\u3002\u9b44\u4e0e\u7c95\u901a\uff0c\u4f20\u9001\u7cdf\u7c95\uff0c\u6545\u540d\u5c41\u80a1\u6216\u5c3b\u3002\u300a\u9ec4\u5e1d\u5185\u7ecf\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9b44\u95e8\u4ea6\u4e3a\u4e94\u810f\u4f7f\uff0c\u6c34\u8c37\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e45\u85cf\u3002\u201d\u660e\u4ee3\u533b\u5bb6\u5f20\u666f\u5cb3\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u867d\u50a8\u7cdf\u7c95\u56fa\u7531\u5176\u6cfb\uff0c\u800c\u810f\u6c14\u5347\u964d\u4ea6\u8d56\u4ee5\u8c03\uff0c\u6545\u4e3a\u4e94\u810f\u4f7f\u3002\u201d\u4ea6\u5373\u9b44\u95e8\uff08\u809b\u95e8\uff09\u7684\u542f\u95ed\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u5fc3\u795e\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u809d\u6c14\u7684\u8c03\u8fbe\uff0c\u813e\u6c14\u7684\u5347\u63d0\uff0c\u80ba\u6c14\u7684\u5ba3\u964d\uff0c\u80be\u6c14\u7684\u56fa\u6444\uff0c\u65b9\u4e0d\u5931\u5176\u5e38\u5ea6\u3002\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u732e\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u809b\u95e8\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u6392\u9664\u6d4a\u6c14\uff0c\u6d4a\u53bb\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u65e2\u53d7\u810f\u6c14\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u810f\u6c14\u3002",
            pic: 'https:\/\/gss2.bdstatic.com\/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/w%3D268\/sign=7a68dde240086e066aa8384d3a0a7b5a\/730e0cf3d7ca7bcbc8b786fcb2096b63f724a811.jpg',
            url: '',
            qqPic: 'https:\/\/gss2.bdstatic.com\/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D648%2C648%2C0\/sign=561f84fc36292df59796ff55da0c6a54\/730e0cf3d7ca7bcbc8b786fcb2096b63f724a811.jpg',
            newLemmaId: '402867',
            lemmaTitle: '肛门'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog");
    var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem');
    var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader');

    function requireAsync() {
        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']);
    }

    cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{
        name: 'announcement',
        script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js'
    }]);

    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) {
        new LazyLoad();
    });

    require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) {
        nslog().setGlobal({
            lemmaId: "20823",
            newLemmaId: "402867",
            subLemmaId: "20823",
            lemmaTitle: "肛门"
        });

        // 词条页 pv
        nslog(9322);

        // 新版头部pv（小流量）
        if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) {
            nslog(9069);
        }

        // 链接点击 pv
        var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i);
        $('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() {
            var href = $(this).attr('href');
            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) {
                // 链接点击 pv
                nslog(10000001);
                if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                    // 词条页链接点击 pv
                    nslog(10000002, window.location.href, {
                        targetTitle: $(this).text()
                    });
                }
            }
        });

        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 start ******/
        (function () {
            // 各种统计配置
            var circulationLinkCfg = {
                innerLink: [ // 内链
                    '.para',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar',
                    '.basic-info .basicInfo-block',
                    '.lemma-summary',
                    '.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary',
                    '.view-tip-panel',
                    '.horizontal-module',
                    '.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction',
                    '.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList',
                    '.module-music',
                    '.table-view',
                    '[log-set-param="table_view"]',
                    '.list-module',
                    '.cell-module',
                    '.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // 配置后台字段
                    '.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper',
                    '.drama-actor',
                    '#staffList',
                    '.starMovieAndTvplay',
                    '.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // 除去词条tab外的tab
                ],
                relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表
                peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系（明星+普通）
                moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // 主要演员、嘉宾、主持人
                moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // 代表作品
                moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分季介绍
                rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜
                rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜
                specialTopic: '.special-topic', // 专题模块
                modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图
                chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // 垂直化模块
                polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // 义项切换
            };
            /****** 连接统计 ******/
            function clickNslogFn() {
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k === 'innerLink') {
                        // 词条内链到词条页
                        var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k];
                        for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) {
                            tempArr[i] += ' a';
                        }
                        var sSelector = tempArr.join(', ');

                        $('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            var tar = $(this).attr('target') || '';
                            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0
                            && tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页普通内链点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    } else {
                        // 模块到词条页链接
                        $(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页配置模块链接点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null, {division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            // 发起统计请求
            clickNslogFn();

            /****** 各模块展现量pv ******/
            function checkModuleIsShow() {
                var result = [];
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') {
                        !!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k);
                    }
                }
                if (result.length > 0) {
                    nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')});
                }
            }
            checkModuleIsShow();

        })();
        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 end ******/

    });

    // 广告接入 wikiad 统一加载
    // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求行为）
    nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
        api: 'lemma-ad',
        action: 'request'
    });
    var tags = [{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u75be\u75c5"},{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u533b\u5b66\u672f\u8bed"},{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u533b\u5b66"}];
    var tagsArray = [];
    for (var key in tags) {
        tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName);
    }
    $.ajax({
        type: 'GET',
        url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels',
        data: {
            lemmaId: 402867,
            tags: tagsArray.join()
        },
        cache: false,
        dataType: 'JSON',
        success: function (res) {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求成功）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'success'
            });

            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data[5]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) {
                        rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[5][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[5][0].name,
                            adPos: 5
                        });
                    });
                } else if (res.data[1]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) {
                        vbaike(res.data[1]);
                        for(var i in res.data[1]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[1][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[1][i].name,
                                adPos: 1
                            });
                        }
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[9]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) {
                        rightBigAd(res.data[9]);
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[9][0].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[9][0].name,
                                adPos: 9
                            });
                    });
                                    } else if(res.data[2]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) {
                        slide(res.data[2]);
                        for(var i in res.data[2]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[2][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[2][i].name,
                                adPos: 2
                            });
                        }
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[3]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) {
                        topAd(res.data[3]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[3][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[3][0].name,
                            adPos: 3
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[4]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) {
                        rightAd(res.data[4]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[4][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[4][0].name,
                            adPos: 4
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[15]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) {
                        banner(res.data[15]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[15][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[15][0].name,
                            adPos: 15
                        });
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[16]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) {
                        declaration(res.data[16]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[16][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[16][0].name,
                            adPos: 16
                        });
                    })
                }
            } else {
                return;
            }

            setTimeout(function () {
                var elemArr = {};
                res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.right-ad img').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0));
                res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0));

                testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102);
            }, 1000);
        },
        error: function () {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求失败）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'error'
            });
        }
    });

    // 设置分享内容
    window.BKShare.setCommon({
        bdText: "\u3010\u809b\u95e8_\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u3011\u809b\u95e8\uff0c\u5373\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u809b\u7ba1\u3002\u4e2d\u533b\u79f0\u809b\u95e8\u4e3a\u201c\u9b44\u95e8\u201d\u3002\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c41\u773c\u3002\u9b44\u4e0e\u7c95\u901a\uff0c\u4f20\u9001\u7cdf\u7c95\uff0c\u6545\u540d\u5c41\u80a1\u6216\u5c3b\u3002\u300a\u9ec4\u5e1d\u5185\u7ecf\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9b44\u95e8\u4ea6\u4e3a\u4e94\u810f\u4f7f\uff0c\u6c34\u8c37\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e45\u85cf\u3002\u201d\u660e\u4ee3\u533b\u5bb6\u5f20\u666f\u5cb3\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u867d\u50a8\u7cdf\u7c95\u56fa\u7531\u5176\u6cfb\uff0c\u800c\u810f\u6c14\u5347\u964d\u4ea6\u8d56\u4ee5\u8c03\uff0c\u6545\u4e3a\u4e94\u810f\u4f7f\u3002\u201d\u4ea6\u5373\u9b44\u95e8\uff08\u809b\u95e8\uff09\u7684\u542f\u95ed\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u5fc3\u795e\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u809d\u6c14\u7684\u8c03\u8fbe\uff0c\u813e\u6c14\u7684\u5347\u63d0\uff0c\u80ba\u6c14\u7684\u5ba3\u964d\uff0c\u80be\u6c14\u7684\u56fa\u6444\uff0c\u65b9\u4e0d\u5931\u5176\u5e38\u5ea6\u3002\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u732e\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u809b\u95e8\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u6392\u9664\u6d4a\u6c14\uff0c\u6d4a\u53bb\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u65e2\u53d7\u810f\u6c14\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u810f\u6c14\u3002.....\uff08\u5206\u4eab\u81ea@\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\uff09",
        bdDesc: '',
        bdUrl: 'http:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8\/402867',
        bdPic: '',
        onBeforeClick: function (){
            $('.bdshare_dialog_box').hide();
        }
    });

    // 底部投诉带入当前页面 url
    var map = [1, 2, 6, 5];
    $('.wgt-footer-main .suggestion').find('a').each(function(i) {
        $(this).attr('href', 'http://help.baidu.com/newadd?word=%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8' + '&&submit_link=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&prod_id=10&category=' + map[i]);
    });

    // 为超出预设内容的表格添加table-responsive控制
    $('.main-content').find('table').each(function(index) {
        var $that = $(this);
        if ($that.width() > 790) {
            $that.wrap('<div class="table-responsive"></div>');
        }
    });
}();
!function(){      require('wiki-common:widget/component/psLink/psLink');
    }();</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  var Hunter = window.Hunter || {};
  Hunter.userConfig = Hunter.userConfig || [];
  </script>
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